BIRLESIM MUHENDISLIK_AR 2025

26. INCOME TAXES (INCLUDING DEFERRED TAX ASSETS AND LIABILITIES) (Continued) Minimum corporate tax entered into force with Law No. 7524 published on 2 August 2024. The minimum corporate tax rate applicable from 1 January 2025 is 10%. Minimum corporate tax is based on the principle that corporate tax calculated under the general rules may not be less than 10% of corporate income before deductions and exemptions specified in Law No. 7524. In Türkiye, advance tax is calculated and accrued on a quarterly basis. For the taxation of 2025 corporate income in advance tax periods, the advance tax rate to be calculated on corporate income is 25% (2024: 25%). Under the Corporate Tax Law, tax losses reported in the tax return may be deducted from the corporate tax base of the period, provided that they do not exceed five years. Tax returns and related accounting records may be examined by the tax authorities within five years and tax assessments may be revised. Dividend payments made by joint stock companies resident in Türkiye to parties other than those not liable for or exempt from corporate and income taxes, and to resident and non-resident individuals and non-resident legal entities, are subject to 15% income tax withholding. Dividend payments made by joint stock companies resident in Türkiye to other joint stock companies resident in Türkiye are not subject to income tax. In addition, no income tax is calculated if the profit is not distributed or is added to capital. Tax legislation in Türkiye does not permit the parent company and the companies within the scope of consolidation to file a consolidated tax return. Therefore, the tax provision reflected in the consolidated financial statements has been calculated separately on a company-by-company basis. Deferred Tax The Group recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities for temporary timing differences arising between its statutory financial statements prepared for tax purposes and its financial statements prepared in accordance with TFRS. Such differences generally arise from the recognition of certain income and expense items in different periods in the tax-based financial statements and the financial statements prepared in accordance with TFRS, and the related differences are set out below. In calculating deferred tax assets and liabilities, tax rates expected to apply in the periods when assets are realized or liabilities are settled have been taken into account (2025, 2024: 25%). 1 January - 31 December 2025 1 January - 31 December 2024 Opening Balance as at 1 January (11.429.836) 6.907.799 Deferred Tax Income/(Expense) (67.916.020) (17.664.026) Actuarial loss/(gain) (812.670) 1.449.699 Monetary Gain/Loss 2.754.049 (2.123.308) Deferred tax income/(expense) (77.404.477) (11.429.836) BİRLEŞİM MÜHENDİSLİK ANNUAL REPORT 2025 160 Birleşim Mühendislik Isıtma Soğutma Havalandırma Sanayi Ticaret Anonim Şirketi and its Subsidiaries (Amounts are expressed in Turkish Lira (“TRY”) in terms of the purchasing power of TRY as at 31 December 2025 unless otherwise stated.) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements as at 31 December 2025